{"id":673,"date":"2021-04-28T13:13:25","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T11:13:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/?p=673"},"modified":"2021-07-09T23:50:53","modified_gmt":"2021-07-09T21:50:53","slug":"tygr-do-bytu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/?p=673","title":{"rendered":"Tygr do bytu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cel\u00e9 to trvalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b devades\u00e1t milion\u016f let. Na\u0161i spole\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 se roze\u0161li, aby se po v\u011bc\u00edch op\u011bt setkali v jedn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. Ko\u010dka a \u010dlov\u011bk. No a\u010dkoliv s nimi \u017eiv\u011b, o ko\u010dk\u00e1ch je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka nev\u00edme v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko\u010dka nebo pes? Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edho majitele ur\u010dit\u011b usnadn\u00ed vtip, jak se oba druhy odli\u0161uj\u00ed povahou. Pes p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: \u010dlov\u011bk m\u011b krm\u00ed, star\u00e1 se o m\u011b a nos\u00ed m\u011b k veterin\u00e1\u0159i. To znamen\u00e1 jedin\u00e9. \u010clov\u011bk je b\u016fh a j\u00e1 mu budu nadosmrti zav\u00e1z\u00e1n. Ko\u010dka vid\u00ed situaci jinak a ze stejn\u00fdch premis vyvod\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br: \u017ee se \u010dlov\u011bk o m\u011b star\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt jedin\u00fd d\u016fvod. Jsem n\u011bj bohem, on ko\u010dky uct\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ide\u00e1ln\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u010dky si do sytosti u\u017eili ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b, kde m\u011bli sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v panteonu boh\u016f. Uct\u00edva\u010d\u016f ko\u010dek je v\u0161ak dost i dnes. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom \u0161est stovek milion\u016f kus\u016f ko\u010dek v dom\u00e1cnostech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed boom, kter\u00fd v posledn\u00edch letech z angloamerick\u00fdch zem\u00ed dorazil ik n\u00e1m. Veterin\u00e1\u0159 Vladim\u00edr Pag\u00e1\u010d vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 \u00fadaj asi p\u0159ed patn\u00e1cti let: zat\u00edmco tehdy o\u0161et\u0159ili mo\u017en\u00e1 dv\u011b ko\u010dky za t\u00fdden, dnes je v ambulanci maj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed jako ps\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fvod\u016f k tomu je hned n\u011bkolik. „Vych\u00e1zejme z faktu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edt dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e a rozhoduj\u00ed, co si vezmou za druh,“ p\u0159ibli\u017euje Vladim\u00edr Pag\u00e1\u010d. „Ko\u010dka m\u00e1 v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e k\u0159e\u010dek \u010di mor\u010de. Je p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na kontakt jako had nebo je\u0161t\u011br, na kter\u00e9ho se v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu i tak pouze d\u00edv\u00e1te v ter\u00e1riu. „<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psa zas ko\u010dka p\u0159ekon\u00e1 zp\u016fsobem chovu, kter\u00fd je pohodln\u00fd a v\u00edce vyhovuje modern\u00edmu m\u011bstsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. Ko\u010dka nau\u010den\u00e1 na z\u00e1chod ne\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 ven\u010den\u00ed, je m\u00e9n\u011b otravn\u00e1, dok\u00e1\u017ee se zabavit sama a m\u00e1 i samo\u010distic\u00ed schopnost (ze slin, kter\u00fdmi si \u010dist\u00ed srst, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na t\u011ble jakousi ochrannou vrstvu). Jin\u00fdmi slovy, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dich do bytu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fale\u0161n\u00e9 ko\u010dky<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed povaha v\u0161ak stejn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f p\u0159itahuje p\u0159edsudky. Ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed nepoddajnost, individualitu a fakt, \u017ee ji nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zformovat na obraz majitele, si mnoz\u00ed vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed jinak. P\u0159i\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed jej\u00ed nevd\u011bk, fale\u0161, nedostatek oddanosti. Vinit ko\u010dky z fale\u0161nosti v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zcela f\u00e9r. Ani ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed povaha, podobn\u011b jako podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f povaha \u010dlov\u011bka, nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e produktem evoluce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00edme v\u00edce s\u00f3lohr\u00e1\u010dov mezi ko\u010dkovit\u00fdmi jako mezi psovit\u00fdmi \u0161elmami. Vlk lov\u00ed ve sme\u010dce a samot\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot je pro n\u011bj trestem. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, gepardy, pumy \u010di divok\u00e9 ko\u010dky jsou dravci zvykl\u00e9 spol\u00e9hat samy na sebe. N\u011bco z toho p\u0159e\u017eilo za dve\u0159mi lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016f – ko\u010dka dom\u00e1c\u00ed ko\u0165ata ji\u017e po t\u0159\u00ed- \u010dty\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdchovy nech\u00e1 jako schopn\u00e9 jedince, aby se u\u010dili samy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jazyk prohnut\u00fd do „J“ pom\u00e1h\u00e1 ko\u010dce p\u00edt. Jak zjistili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z MIT,
kupodivu vodu nechl\u00edpe, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161ak slo\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1kony hydrodynamiky<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozor na mozek<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd fakt v t\u00e9to souvislosti dok\u00e1zali v\u011bdci z t\u00fdmu Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity. Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi jedinci nebo samot\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed podstatn\u011b souvis\u00ed s t\u00edm, jak se druhem zv\u00ed\u0159at vyv\u00edjel mozek. Zkoumali p\u011bt set druh\u016f vyhynul\u00fdch i sou\u010dasn\u00fdch savc\u016f a zjistili, \u017ee spolupr\u00e1ce s \u010dlov\u011bkem nebo se svorkou vy\u017eadovala i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mozek v pom\u011bru k t\u011blu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten maj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata jako psi, delf\u00edni, velbloudi, nebo kon\u011b, dokud m\u00e9n\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edm druh\u00e9m – mezi nimi ko\u010dk\u00e1m – se mozek vyvinul men\u0161\u00ed. D\u00e1 se z toho soudit, \u017ee ko\u010dky jsou hloup\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tvory jako psi? Z velikosti jednoho org\u00e1nu t\u011b\u017eko. Nav\u00edc, v jin\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech zase ko\u010dky psy p\u0159edstihuj\u00ed v tom, co naz\u00fdv\u00e1me emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed inteligenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fdval\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Zora Fre\u0161ovou n\u011bco podobn\u00e9 potvrzuje svou zku\u0161enost\u00ed registrovan\u00e9ho chovatele ko\u010dek: „Pro p\u0159irozenou ned\u016fv\u011bru v\u00e1m ko\u010dka nikdy nebude oddan\u00e1 v tom smyslu jako pejsek. Ko\u010dka v\u0161ak, mysl\u00edm, trumfne psa v tom, co u lid\u00ed naz\u00fdv\u00e1me empati\u00ed – jde o schopnost vc\u00edtit se do na\u0161ich emoc\u00ed, pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a doprov\u00e1zet n\u00e1s bez slov. „<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed ko\u010dky dom\u00e1c\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je tu v\u0161ak i ot\u00e1zka. Pokud si potomek \u0161avlozub\u00e9ho tygra tak velmi potrp\u00ed na nez\u00e1vislost, jak a kdy se dostal do p\u0159\u00edbytku \u010dlov\u011bka? Zat\u00edm to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee k tomu do\u0161lo pozd\u011bji ne\u017e u ps\u016f a co je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, stalo se to na jedin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b. Na rozd\u00edl od vlk\u016f p\u0159i lidsk\u00fdch tlup\u00e1ch v prav\u011bku, divok\u00e9 ko\u010dky se s \u010dlov\u011bkem za\u010dali br\u00e1t a\u017e pot\u00e9, co se lovci a sb\u011bra\u010di usadili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

To se stalo na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu v oblasti zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u00farodn\u00fd p\u016flm\u011bs\u00edc. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam lid\u00e9 jako prvn\u00ed opustili toulav\u00fd \u017eivot. Za\u010dali p\u011bstovat rostliny, chovat hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, tvo\u0159it trval\u00e9 s\u00eddla a s nimi z\u00e1rodky civilizace. Ovce, prasata, dr\u016fbe\u017e \u010di prasata chovali pro maso, vejce, ml\u00e9ko a vlnu. \u010c\u00edm byla u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 ko\u010dka? Jist\u011b, hubil hlodavce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by lid\u00e9 ud\u011blali prvn\u00ed krok a nasadili divoc\u00ed ko\u010dky na \u0161k\u016fdce p\u0159i s\u00fdpk\u00e1ch. Iniciativa sp\u00ed\u0161e vych\u00e1zela od ko\u010dek. Jak se za\u010daly p\u0159ekr\u00fdvat jejich teritoria, mohli lid\u00e9 objevit, \u017ee toto sou\u017eit\u00ed nen\u00ed zcela bez v\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cel\u00e9 to trvalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b devades\u00e1t milion\u016f let. Na\u0161i spole\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 se roze\u0161li, aby se po v\u011bc\u00edch op\u011bt setkali v jedn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. Ko\u010dka a \u010dlov\u011bk. No a\u010dkoliv s nimi \u017eiv\u011b, o ko\u010dk\u00e1ch je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka nev\u00edme v\u0161echno. Ko\u010dka nebo pes? Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edho majitele ur\u010dit\u011b usnadn\u00ed vtip, jak se oba druhy odli\u0161uj\u00ed povahou. Pes p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: \u010dlov\u011bk m\u011b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":674,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-bydleni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=673"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tydenikobydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}